The term market refers to a place where buyers and sellers are brought together to execute trading transactions. dollar is traded daily on the Forex. Forex trades nearly four times that volume daily, exceeding the daily combined activity of all the other financial markets.

Forex has no physical location—transactions are placed via the Inter- net or telephone—but is composed of approximately 4, international world banks and retail brokers. Individual traders wanting to profit by speculating on price changes can only access this market through a Forex broker, such as I-TradeFX. It is a good practice of a speculative trader to only deal with Forex brokers that are regulated by the governmental bodies in their respective countries.

TYPES OF TRADERS Trading currencies involves the fluctuation of one currency in relation to another. That is the main difference between trading currencies and stock trading—you always have to deal with two instruments, or currency pairs, whereas in stock trading you only deal with one instrument.

The definition of a currency pair, or currency cross, is trading one currency for another currency, and you need a currency pair to execute a trade on the Forex. Speculative currency trading, just like speculative stock trading, involves exchanging one currency for another in anticipation of a price change in your favor.

There are two types of traders on the Forex: consumer traders and spec- ulative traders. A consumer trader wants long-term ownership and is not as concerned with daily price movements, whereas a speculative trader is only concerned with daily price movement, as that is where the profit potential is.

Speculative traders are also called scalpers—they are trying to scalp a profit in a small price movement. Long-term position traders enter the mar- ket and stay in for a week, a month, or years. Short-term, or day traders, will enter the market for 5 minutes, 30 minutes, or even 4 hours, and then exit, but they are usually in and out within a hour period.

Although brokers will assure you that Forex trading is commission- free, it is important that you understand there still are costs involved. The spread is the difference between the buy price and the sell price of a specific currency. Envision attending an auction where there are several buyers for a partic- ular item. As bidding gets closer to the asking price, the spread tightens up.

There are spreads between all currency pairs that are traded, and they average 3 to 6 price interest points, or pips, on the major world currencies which are considered to be the U. dollar [USD], the British pound [GBP], the Japanese yen [JPY], the European euro [EUR], and the Swiss franc [CHF]. Currencies from small countries are called off-brand currencies and can have spreads as much as to 1, pips. The broker retains the spread, which is the difference between the buy and the sell price.

To break even, the market would need to move up 4 pips in your direction. To make a profit, the market would need to move more than 4 pips in your direction. HOW DO TRADERS GET PAID? Price interest points, commonly known as pips, are usually expressed in decimals. Depending on the pair of currencies being traded, pips are usu- ally the last numbers of the decimal.

Most traders on the Forex trade with what is called leverage. When a trader executes a trade on the Forex, the trader is buying or selling currency in units referred to as lots which is a set quantity of money. There are typically two types of lots that traders will trade. You will see that the currency moved in our favor to 1. Trading can be a worthy full-time profession or a great way to earn sec- ondary income. Either way, you will need to learn the three basic skills of trading as you watch price movement against time.

How to determine the current trend on any time frame 2. How to develop an entry strategy that works consistently 3. How to develop an exit strategy that works consistently Once you master these three skills, you will be in a position to take advantage of the significant profit potential in this market.

BULLS AND BEARS The purpose of a broker is to facilitate the trade. After you open a trading account, the broker gives a trader the right to execute transactions, which includes certain rights and privileges, including the right to be a bull or a bear. The terms bull and bear were created by traders in the stock market in the early s to identify the direction someone was trading in the market. The term bull was derived from the way in which bulls attack or charge, moving upward.

In contrast, bears move downward when they attack or charge. Bulls, therefore, resemble a buying market, because they believe prices will continue to move upward, or rise, whereas bears resemble a selling market, because they believe prices are going move downward, or fall.

Every trader has to make a decision to be either a bull or a bear before entering the market. Bulls enter the market buying first and exit selling second. Bears do the opposite: they enter selling first and exit buying second.

To make a profit in the market, you must always buy low and sell high. Both bulls and bears are trying to do that; bears just reverse the transactions see Figure Remember, there is a bid price and an ask price with a 3- to 6-pip spread on the major currencies the U.

dollar [USD], the Japanese yen [JPY], the British pound [GBP], the Swiss franc [CHF], the European euro [EUR], the Canadian dollar [CAD] and the Australian dollar [AUD]. Traders buy on the ask price and sell on the bid price. If you want to enter buying, you would pay the ask price of 1. You can enter and exit the market using a limit order, which are orders placed ahead of time to enter the market buying below where current prices are or selling above where the current prices are.

They are placed like a limit order at a predetermined price; however, they turn into market orders when the market reaches the predetermined price and may be subjected to slippage. The rule is, when you place a buy order above the current market price it is called a stop order, and when you place a sell order below where the current price is it is also called a stop order. Every trade should have an entry point, a predetermined exit point for profit, and a well-thought-out exit point for minimal loss should the market not go your way.

The rule is, every buy order should have two sells: a sell limit order for profit and a sell stop order for loss protection. Conversely, every sell order should have two buy orders: a buy limit order for profit and a buy stop order for loss protection. Some trading software programs allow the trader the ability to place an OCO one cancels the other order. This means the moment the market hits either the stop order or the sell order, it cancels the opposite order.

By trading with an OCO order, you are not left exposed with a working order after either your stop or limit has been filled and you have been taken out of the market. An OCO order offers you the opportunity to set a trade and forget about it. You can literally walk away from your computer and not be concerned with catastrophic results if you have properly quantified your potential losses before you placed the trade.

No one knows where the next pip will go, so the best you can do is plan your trade and trade your plan. One of the most important and productive habits you can adopt is properly educating yourself about the Forex before you begin trading. If you move forward without the proper education, be prepared to lose your money, much like in a casino. Just like the casino, the market will be there to take all your money. I have learned that to achieve success in trading requires learning to understand the three critical facets of trading: 1.

The technical education and trading knowledge 2. The fundamental understanding of what determines market movement 3. All successful traders learn that working through frustration is the path to success. Knowing what to do when you get frustrated is critical. Strong people make as many mistakes as weak people. The difference is that strong people admit their mistakes, laugh at them, and learn from them, and that is how they become strong.

Mistakes are part of being human. We need to appreciate our mistakes for what they are. Before you begin trading, you need to create your own mission state- ment to help you focus on becoming an educated, financially successful, long-term Forex trader. I want you to think of your journey toward becom- ing a successful trader as a transformation of thought, a new process of knowledge build-up, followed by: 1. Disciplined thought 2. Disciplined rules 3.

Practice first on a demo account to become comfortable with the trading platform before trading with real money. LEVEL 2: THE COMPETENT TRADER You acquire conscious competence. You begin to trade with real money, work through your emotions, and learn to trade within the equity manage- ment rules to achieve a consistent financial return.

LEVEL 3: THE EXPERT TRADER You acquire unconscious competence. You mechanically execute profitable trades with no emotion. THE REALITY OF TRADING The reality of trading is that less than 10 percent of all traders who attempt to trade succeed in the market. More than 90 percent of all traders who attempt to become successful on the Forex fail.

Our professional international team at Market Traders Institute adamantly believes in proper education first. Knowledge is the key that can make a big difference in the success of a trader, providing a necessary edge.

I cannot stress this enough: the majority of the world is locked into managing its poverty or mediocrity. Very few people learn how to manage any kind of success because they are not given any sort of manual or instruction guide to success. Growing up, we learn how to survive finan- cially from our caregivers and circles of influence.

But not all mentors are successful, leaving many to learn through trial and error. Thousands of books have been written on how to achieve some sort of success. I believe that success comes from acquiring the right education about the opportunity; possessing the right work ethic; implementing the right productive daily habits; and believing with focus, concentration, action, and a positive attitude that your dream will come true.

Successful people keep things simple. They find beauty in simplicity. The average per- son, for some reason, tries very hard to complicate things, even the simplest processes or procedures. I, on the other hand, have worked hard to take a very complicated issue, Forex, and simplify it, enabling just about anyone to understand how the markets work and how to trade them. THE DAY, 3 PERCENT RULE The human mind forgets 80 percent of the knowledge it acquires within the first three days of acquisition.

During the next 18 days, it continues the loss of information until it settles at 3 percent retention of the new information. Our focus at MTI is to provide you with productive practical, continued education, enabling you to be trading with percent-plus recall. You must practice them over and over again until they become an unconscious habit.

Doctors prac- tice on cadavers first. Pilots fly with instructors long before they go solo. I personally believe that self-empowerment is learning how to fish and that dependency is all about being handed a fish to stay alive. Make no mistake, there is no holy grail! You cannot buy any indicator or trading system that works percent of the time any more than the airlines can buy an autopilot system that eliminates the need for pilots. I would think not, because if you could create such a trading system, all you would need to do is walk into any major financial institution like the Bank of America or the Royal Bank of Scotland and show proof that your auto- mated system works.

Just as there is no perfect trading system, there is no autopilot sys- tem that works without a pilot. I very much doubt that human beings will ever put their lives on the line with a computer or autopilot system in an airplane without a pilot. We all have bought enough electronic equip- ment in our lives—TVs, VCRs, cameras, and so forth—to know they all fail eventually. Pilots are educated and trained to fly proficiently before they are even shown where the autopilot system button is.

The first time I got into the cockpit with my instructor I asked him where the autopilot button was. I did eventually learn how to engage the autopilot function and will have to say, the autopilot system is not a fail-safe function without the close moni- toring of a pilot.

As powerful as such systems are, when things start to go wrong, they cannot make spilt-second decisions in the best interest of the passengers. They can only do what they are programmed to do, and there are too many variables in flying to program absolutely everything.

Autopilot systems do not work percent of the time, they have their limitations. As a trader, you will learn that, from time to time, the trading environ- ment will be ideal enough to use an autopilot system. That is truly suc- cessful trading. I was sitting in my office at home and had been in a few trading positions for a couple of days on four different currencies. All of a sudden, they all took off like rockets in the opposite direction of my positions.

Thank goodness I was not using an auto- pilot trading system or I could have been financially wiped out that day. I was stopped out on all four currencies and was able to preserve what profit I had made. The reality is that to become a successful trader, you must go through an education process no different than that of becoming a pilot, a physician, or of any profession that requires a specific discipline to be mastered.

I am even more amazed at the massive amounts of people willing to purchase these products. But I am never surprised when they call our office and share their experience of buying a Forex program that failed or disappointed them.

These traders are now pleading for help because with their current system, they keep on losing money and have no idea how to make it back. A fair question is, did the system truly fail or was it the system found between their ears that failed? You must be taught how to use the best tools available for whatever profession you want to pursue.

If you are going to be a ditch digger, you need to be taught how to use a backhoe as well as a shovel and be taught in which situations one or the other should be used. Learning to trade on Forex, from someone who is already successful at trading, is critical. Finding out which trading tools they use is equally important. Now is not the time to go bargain hunting for tools. Bargain hunting for free or low-cost trading tools is like learning to navigate on the ocean with a compass in a foot canoe—clearly the wrong vessel for the environment.

A solid built, 1,foot, state-of-the-art cruise ship with all the latest gauges for weather would be wiser. With so much at stake, do not take a shortcut on paying for quality trading tools. When it comes to trading on Forex, I highly recommend the MTI 4. These systems can be back-tested over many years instantaneously, allowing a trader to see if their trading strategy is a good one, or if they are working in the wrong direction.

You can create a trading strategy that aligns with your personality, program it into a system, back-test it, and, if it is productive, have the trading system send you alerts via e-mail or cell phone when an entry and or exit signal is triggered see Figure The most important part about a trading system is that it must be simple and easy to use. Whether it is done visually or created by a trading system, your trading strategy must have three very important components: 1.

It must be able to find the current market direction. It must have a consistent entry strategy that works consistently. It must have two very clear exit strategies, one for protecting you against major losses and one for capturing a profit. In Figure , you can see a line that goes above and below the price movement against time that is monitored by a computer creating a candlestick formation candlestick formations are a way of monitoring the open, high, low, and close market prices in any given time period.

This line is called a moving trend line; a visual indicator of market direction or perhaps the current trend. When you turn on your computer and begin to review your charts on any time frame, if the current candle is above that line, the market on that time frame is in a potential uptrend, and if the current candle is below that line, the mar- ket on that time frame is in a potential downtrend. No matter what time frame you trade in, this simple exercise accompa- nied with this system can help you determine trend direction.

Before you use an autopilot program, you need to understand how it has been programmed. Looking at the moving trend line, on any time frame, can help you deter- mine market direction on that time frame. One mistake traders often make is believing that a trading system created for a minute chart will work on all time frames, such as a one-hour chart or a daily chart.

Sometimes it does work, but typically, as you move a trading system from one time frame to another, you may want to adjust the settings of such a system to optimize its performance on that time frame. It is vital to find trading software that will not only allow you to change these settings but also instantaneously back-test the results as found incorporated in MTI 4. Every trader wants the market to move in his or her direction from entry—there is nothing worse than get- ting in a trade and having the market run in the opposite direction.

One of the most important traits of a successful person is that when they are trying to make a productive, empowered decision, they gather facts. The more facts they can gather, the more informed their decision. Trading is 10 percent skill and 90 percent emotion, which is why our emotions frequently stand in the way of making good decisions. Anytime you need to make a decision, do yourself a favor and do not make it while you are in an emotional state. Take the time to calm down and place your- self in a logical state of mind.

If you do that, you will open up the left side of your brain, where all your knowledge is stored, where all your intellec- tual recall is, and you will have access to everything you have learned in your past that is productive. You will begin to make an educated, positive, and productive decision.

Trading indicators can keep you from using the right side of your brain, where all your emotions are stored. You can program buy and sell signals that have no emotion, they just monitor price movement against time. Using different indicators together can create effective entry points, like the ones found in Figure , but they need to be manually monitored.

The trading system you are looking at in Figure is called the MTI Trend Scalper. The two moving lines overlapping the candles are moving trend lines, which can act as buy and sell signals.

The line closest to the candles is a moving inner trend line and the other one is a moving outer trend line. In Figure top , you can see that if you used the moving trend lines as your entry and exit signals, right around March 10, , you would have bought the euro at approximately 1.

But where do you get in if the moving trend lines have already crossed? Do you have to sit there for another three to six months before they cross over again to find another trading opportunity? The answer is no. You can have two options. You either educate yourself how the markets move without using indicators or you learn to add additional indicators to your trading system like the waving line you see at the bottom of the chart in Figure This indicator, called the MTI Trend Tracker, monitors the waves of the market.

As the market moves, it resembles the waves of the ocean. The greatest part about a trading system is that it is constantly moni- toring the movement of the market, projecting directions with entry and exit points 24 hours a day even while you sleep or work.

Using a trading system allows you to control your trading in the market, rather than the market controlling you, and to come and go, or turn off your computer, without having to do all kinds of new technical analysis of the market to catch up from where you left off. If the lines overlapping the candles crossed while you were away, the MTI Trend Tracker allows you to enter the market at a price point where the market will more than likely reverse and rally back up in your buying direc- tion from entry, which is what every trader wants.

Look at the MTI Trend Tracker indicator where you see the bold up-arrows see Figure , bot- tom. When the moving line is going south and then U-turns to the north, the market should follow. Look at the price movement of the market and how it began to rally again.

This trading system works just as effectively in a downtrend as it does in an uptrend, as you can see in Figure All the rules are the same but in the opposite direction. When the lines overlapping the candles cross from the north to the south, it is time to sell. Once again, if you turn on your charts and the mov- ing trendlines have already crossed, giving a short signal, you can enter when the MTI Trend Tracker indicator moving north U-turns to the south.

Look at the market movement on the charts after the U-turn toward the south. Using trading indicators eliminates a lot of the guessing and allows you to focus on developing a trading strategy that works consistently, on a time frame that suits your personality. Some traders like fast action and want to turn their computer into a video game—they want to quickly scalp the market.

In and out, in and out, perhaps 10 times a day. If you enjoy day trading, use this trading system on one-hour to four-hour time frames, and if you enjoy long-term trading, use this trading system on four-hour, daily, or weekly charts In any of these cases, you let the computer do the majority of the work.

Just like an autopilot system. If it were that easy, however, we would all be living in gated communities and flying our jets to our beach-house estates every weekend. Most traders make their money during trends and lose it when the market gets turbulent or begins to go sideways.

What if you were just starting out and the market began to go sideways, or consolidate, as shown in Figure Just about every time the computer gave a buy signal, the market went south, and just about every time the computer gave a sell signal, the market reversed and went north. When most people board an airplane and look inside the cockpit, they are intimidated by all the gauges they see.

How do I know? Just like when I turned on my computer back in the s and looked at charts, I, too, was extremely intimidated. But believe it or not, sideways movement can potentially offer the trader more trading opportunities than trends.

Envision buying all the lows as seen in Figure and exiting at the highs and then reversing your position, shorting the market by selling all the highs taking a ride across the trading channel and exiting at the lows. It is clear to see by continually repeating this process that there is profit to be made.

Conversely, when going short or selling first to enter the market, every sell entry order needs two buy exit orders, one for profit and one for loss. After you enter the market, you need the two exit points, one for profit and one for financial protection should the trade not work out. The fact of the mat- ter is that no one knows where the next pip will go. The best you can do is to understand how the market works and learn how to go with it. But success comes to those who understand how it works—just look at the people who have been able to create great compa- nies that haul freight, passengers, or oil over the ocean.

After the market has moved in your direction from entry, as planned, the question is where do you get out? The last thing in the world you want to do is guess what the market is going to do next. Let a simple mathe- matical calculation of price movement against time tell you instead. Remember the two indicators—the moving trend lines that are overlapping the candles and the MTI Trend Tracker at the bottom of the chart? If you take a long position and want to become a long-term trader, you may want to stay in until the moving trend lines cross over.

However, if you only want to grab a few pips, and you entered using the indicator below, you may want to get out after that line has moved from the south to the north and is beginning to U-turn back south see Figure Some traders use the movement of their indicators as their protective stop loss orders—they let the indicators make their decisions regarding when to reverse their positions.

Your hope and or fear will get the best of you. What is critical is finding and calculating where your pro- tective stop order needs to go as you are making your trading plan. Once you find that location, after you enter the market, place that order immediately and do not move it if you are trading an OCO one cancels the other order.

Trading is about keeping your losses small and letting your profits run. The problem with most Forex traders is they hold onto their losses and quickly dump their profits for fear the market will take them back. They have the definitions of hope and fear backwards. They will hold a losing position for days, sweating it out, walking through the valley in the shadow of death, praying, hoping, promising God and everyone else that will listen to just help them get back to breakeven and once they do, they dump their position after only capturing a few pips.

Some traders will go pips in the red to only exit after a brutal ordeal and capture only 2 pips. Learning where to place your protective stop loss orders and creating a trading plan before you trade is of critical importance as a novice trader. Trade a simple strategy with a clear entry order accompanied by two exit orders trying to capture a profit of perhaps 10 to 20 pips. Your aim should be to establish the habit of winning more than you are losing.

After you get in the habit of winning more than losing, and realizing that losing is just as much a part of this game as winning, you will then be able to move to a larger time frame to capture more pips, perhaps capturing 40 to 80 pips at a time, consistently, 7 out of 10 times with some losses. After you get the simple basics down of winning more than losing, you can start learning more advanced exit strategies.

Take two different time frames, for example, a daily time frame and a four-hour time frame, using the same MTI Trend Scalper trad- ing system on both time frames. Remember the MTI Trend Tracker at the bottoms of the charts, which monitors the wave movement? Look what happens to the price movement on a four-hour chart when the indicator U-turns on a daily chart, as seen in Figure Remem- ber, prices on a smaller time frame respond to the movement on a larger time frame.

This works the same on all time frames and is a great way to trade. The MTI checklist cross-checks important points for your entry and exit. These seven points are graded, indicating the odds of your making money, and include the use of indicators, candlestick formations, Fibonacci Fib numbers, coun- tertrend lines, and more. Trading needs to be fun and simple. Anyone who tries to impress you with all their knowledge and indicators see Figure will only confuse you.

A confused mind is going to take you down a path of financial destruc- tion. Stay clear from using too many indicators or complicated indicators.

Keep it simple! Candlestick formations are the sign language of the mar- ket. They frequently tell the trader where U-turns or reversals are and where the market is going. Most beginner traders prefer learning how to read charts using what is called a Japanese candlestick, which monitors price movement against time.

There are three types of charts traders can refer to: a line chart, a bar chart, or a candlestick chart. Military confrontation had become a way of life in that country as feudal lords fought for control of rival territories.

Once somewhat relative peace had been established, several new opportunities for expansion developed. It was during that the concept of the Japanese candlestick was being explored, tested, and used in monitoring prices in the rice markets.

Because there was no standardized currency, the price of rice became the predominant medium of exchange, or currency. In the late s, the Rice Exchange was formed to regulate trading proceedings. By , there were more than 1, rice dealers. Rather than just deal in actual rice, rice coupons were issued, and these became one of the first forms of futures contracts ever traded. Similar events took place in other parts of the world.

There was the Tulip Mania that swept The Netherlands in the early s, which also involved a form of futures contract. During this period, tulips became the standard medium of exchange and became even more valuable than gold there. The popularity of these Tulip coupons were drawing attention around the world and other countries began to catch on to this effective way of trad- ing.

Rice coupons in Japan became significant, with a bale of rice being the standard amount to be traded. An empty rice coupon became a form of a futures contract—a coupon for rice that may not even be planted or harvested yet. The rice is traded for a specific future date, as if it was grown and going to be delivered to that person on that future date. Today, futures trading is a multibillion dollar industry.

In America, most futures trading for commodities occurs in Chicago, at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, or CME. But where do Japanese candlesticks fit in? Munehisa Homma was born into a wealthy Japanese farming family in Homma had an aptitude for business and would eventually become a dominant trader in the Japanese rice market.

Although candlesticks were not actually developed by Homma, he studied the psychology of investors and formulated several key trading principles. These concepts evolved into the candlestick charting techniques that we know today. Candlestick charts were originally plotted painstakingly by hand. This labor-intensive step, as well as the fact that many Japanese traders could not properly communicate or share their trading methods due to language barriers, meant that the use of Japanese candlestick formations could not become widespread until recent times.

As the candlesticks form, they begin to tell a story of the activity in the market, as well as reflect the mood of the market during that time. Candlesticks become the sign language of the market, communicating via certain forma- tions the future potential moves of the market, which is how profits are made—by projecting correctly where the market will go, not where it has been.

Successful traders take the time to study and understand this visual lan- guage. Candlestick formations indicate clear buy and sell signals, commu- nicating to the trader when it is time to enter the market or to get out. How well you understand candlestick formations can give you a significant advantage in the market. They will appear in the form of a single candlestick or a combination of more than one candlestick. There are hundreds of formations, yet only a handful of formations carry substantial weight when looking for a good entry point.

A good entry point is described as a location where the market goes your way from the beginning. Let us see what a Japanese candlestick looks like and how it forms see Figure Candlesticks, which are composed of full bodies and wicks, measure price fluctuations within a certain period of time.

As prices move up or down from the opening, the body begins to form. If, from the opening price, prices move up and then close higher than the opening, it is a bullish candle. If prices begin to fall from the opening price and close lower than the opening, it is a bearish candle. For example, you can set your charts to provide you with 5-minute candlesticks, , , or minute candlesticks, even hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, or yearly.

Candlesticks monitor price movement against time, providing traders with four key pieces of information for that specific time period: the opening price, the closing price, the highest price reached, and the lowest price reached. Trading is a financial game involving two opponents: the bulls and bears. We all know that there are not actual bulls and bears trading in the market, but investors and traders who have invested either in a bullish direction or a bearish direction.

Both sides have clear objectives and want the market to move in their direction: bulls want the market to go up, or rally, to make higher highs, whereas the bears want to take the market down, or have it dip to make lower lows. The numbers to the far right indicate the price and the numbers at the bottom of the chart indicate the time period.

The very last candle to the right is the current candle, indicating the current price. All the previous candles, to the left of the current candle, have recorded the historic price movement during that time. As you see in Figure , all the icons to the left, top, and right of the actual chart are your trading tools. HOW TO FIND A HIGH Highs are defined as a level where the market ceases to rally and U-turns in the opposite direction. A high can be considered a new level of resistance, or a higher price level achieved by the bulls that is interrupted and reversed by the bears.

However, not all highs are major levels of resistance. Only highs that are higher than the current market can be considered a level of resistance see Figure The levels of resistance noted in the above chart as R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 become future price targets for the bulls to chase and move higher.

Once they regain control of the market, they will aim to make higher highs and higher lows. The bears are maintaining control in the above chart, as the market is making lower lows and lower highs. HOW TO FIND A LOW A low is defined as the level where the market ceases to drop. A low can be considered as a new level of support, or a lower price level that was achieved by the bears and then interrupted and reversed by the bulls; however, only lows that are lower than the current market level can be considered a level of support see Figure Once they gain control of the market again, they will aim to make lower lows and lower highs.

The bulls control the above market example. Although candlesticks may look alike, the 20 formations listed in Figure will provide you with a solid understanding of candlestick formations and their meanings. This is a bullish line if it occurs after a significant BULLISH PATTERN downtrend. If the line occurs after a significant uptrend, it is called a hanging man. A hammer is identified by a small body a small range between the open and closing prices and a long lower shadow the low is significantly lower than the open, high, and closes.

The body can be empty or filled in. PIERCING LINE. This is a bullish pattern and the opposite of a BULLISH PATTERN dark cloud cover. The first line, on the left, is a bearish line, and the second line is a bullish line.

The second line opens lower than the first line's low but closes more than halfway above the first line's real body. BULLISH PATTERN BULLISH PATTERN BULLISH ENGULFING LINES. This pattern is strongly bullish if it occurs after a significant downtrend it acts as a reversal pattern. It occurs when a small bearish line is engulfed by a large bullish line. MORNING STAR. This is a bullish pattern signifying a potential bottom. The star, at the bottom between the two lines, indicates a possible reversal; the bullish line confirms this.

The star can be empty or filled in. BULLISH DOJI STAR. A star indicates a reversal and a Doji BULLISH PATTERN indicates indecision. Thus, this pattern usually indicates a reversal after an indecisive period. You should wait for a confirmation, as in the morning star in the previous pattern, before trading a Doji star. The first line can be empty or filled in. HANGING MAN. These lines are bearish if they occur after a BEARISH PATTERN significant uptrend, and if the pattern occurs after a significant downtrend, it is called a hammer.

They are identified by small real bodies a small range between open and closing prices and a long lower shadow, that is, the low was significantly lower than the open, high, and close. The bodies can be empty or filled in. This is a bearish pattern that is more significant if the second line's body is below the center of the previous line's body as illustrated. BEARISH ENGULFING LINES. This line is strong and bearish if it occurs after a significant uptrend—it acts as a reversal pattern.

It occurs when a small bullish line is engulfed by a large bearish line. EVENING STAR. This is a bearish pattern signifying a potential top. The star indicates a possible reversal, and the bearish line confirms it. The star can be empty or filled in or it can be a Doji star. DOJI STAR. A star indicates a reversal and a Doji indicates indecision.

You should wait for a confirmation, such as an evening star illustration, before trading a Doji star. BEARISH PATTERN BEARISH PATTERN BEARISH PATTERN SHOOTING STAR. This pattern suggests a minor reversal when it appears after a rally. The star's body must appear near the low price, and the line should have a long upper shadow. LONG-LEGGED DOJI. This line often signifies a turning point. It occurs when the open and close are the same, and the range between the high and the low is relatively large.

DRAGONFLY DOJI. This line also signifies a turning point. This pattern occurs when the open and the close are the same and the low is significantly lower than the open, high, and closing prices. This line signifies another turning point. It occurs when the open, close, and low are the same, and the high is significantly higher than the open, low, and closing prices. Stars indicate reversals. A star is a line with a small real body that occurs after a line with a much larger real body, where the real bodies do not overlap, although the shadows may.

SPINNING TOPS. These are neutral lines. They occur when the distance between the high and the low, and the distance between the open and the close, are relatively small. This line implies indecision because the security opened and closed at the same price. These lines can appear in several different patterns.

DOUBLE DOJI. This implies a forceful move will follow a breakout from the current indecision. This pattern indicates a decrease NEUTRAL PATTERN in momentum. It occurs when a line with a small body falls within the area of a larger body. In this example, a bullish line with a long body is followed by a weak bearish line and implies a decrease in the bullish momentum. When it moves, the candlesticks provide a visual sign that monitors the strength or weakness of the market in a certain direction.

However, there are two basic types of candlesticks: 1. Decision candlesticks 2. Indecision candlesticks Decision candlesticks are full-bodied bullish or bearish candles with rela- tively small wicks on either side.

They communicate to the trader that either the bulls or the bears are in control. The indecision candlestick formation is exactly the opposite, with small bodies and, in some cases, no bodies at all—just a line where the open and the close were at the same price with large wicks on either side or on both sides see Figure As the market moves, it creates visual waves, and the candlesticks form different patterns.

Movements are caused by investors entering and exiting the market. When there are more buyers than sellers, the market begins to rally; when there are more sellers than buyers, the market begins to dip, or decline; and when there are equal numbers of buyers and sellers, the market goes sideways.

These patterns communicate the strength or weakness of the continued move. As the market moves, it waves, and the can- dlesticks form bullish and bearish reversal patterns. These patterns are the sign language of the market and the buy and sell signals for the traders. The patterns communicate when it is time to get in and when it is time to get out. These patterns can become invaluable whenever they appear at the end of a downtrend in a smaller time frame, which many times is nothing more than the end of a retracement in a larger time frame.

It is imperative to note that as the market moves sideways in a to pip trading range, the market may form all kinds of bullish and bearish candle- stick patterns, which should be ignored. It is imperative not to trade these candlestick formations in small consolidated or sideways movement. The charts being used in this book have black and white candles— the black candles are bearish and the white are bullish. THE MORNING STAR BUY SIGNAL Figure A clearly shows the formation of the morning star.

What is important to note is that in the formation of morning stars, they start out with a bearish decision candle, followed by one, two, three, or even four indecision candles before the decision bullish candle appears.

In Figure B, a morning star appears at the bottom of the chart, signifying the end of the recent dip. A morning star forms when you have a large bear- ish decision candle followed by one or more indecision candles, which are followed by a bullish decision candle that closes beyond the 60 percent mark, or beyond the top half of the beginning bearish decision candle.

It indicates the market is U-turning. Investor Psychology Behind the Morning Star The bears are losing control and investors are no longer selling when you spot a morning star. More buyers have come into the market, which creates an equal number of buyers and sellers. In the end, more buyers step in and take control of the market. Bears are placed in hibernation, and bulls come out of their corrals in herds.

The final bullish candle of the formation sends ripples of greed throughout the trading community and a major rally takes place, especially when accompanied by significant trading volume. THE BULLISH ENGULFING PATTERN BUY SIGNAL A bullish engulfing candlestick formation often signifies the end of a down move, or a reversal. It can also be the turning point or the end of the retrace- ment in an uptrend see Figure A.

An ideal bullish engulfing candle is formed when the candle opens lower than the close of the previous bearish decision candle, engulfing the previous two or three bearish candles. This is a strong sign of a U-turn. The bulls are clearly taking control, as seen in Figure B.

Traders with short positions make a quick dash to cover their exposure, and their rush to exit their positions adds power to the creation of the pattern. The volume on the uptake component shows that the majority of traders have changed camp from bearish to bullish within the duration of one period. TWEEZER BOTTOM BULLISH FORMATION BUY SIGNAL Tweezer bottoms form when bears lose control.

Buyers step in and create an environment of equal buyers and equal sellers, which forms two or more indecision candles. Figure A shows the formations. When the market has been falling and a clear decision has been made by the bulls to take over, tweezer bottoms are formed. The market contin- ues to move down, and bearish candles are formed. All of a sudden, an indecision candle appears, which means more bulls have started buying. We now have equal buyers and sellers. When bears attempt to take prices lower and bulls step in and buy more than bears, a long wick on the south side of a small-bodied candle forms.

A second attempt is made by the bears to take prices lower, with the same results, leaving another inde- cision candle with a long wick on the south side of the small body of the indecision candle, next to the last one. The lows of the two candles, as dis- played by the wicks, are usually at the same price or within a couple of pips difference, which now creates a new level of support. Anyone wanting to make a profit in this next rally needs to start buying right now!

Because higher prices are likely to follow the formation of tweezer bottoms, as you see in Figure B. Invester Psychology Behind the Tweezer Bottoms The bears have created lower prices, which have been tested, and new buy- ers have entered the market.

As traders note more bullish participation, a rally is implied. The bears were unable to acquire the interest of more sell- ers and were not strong enough to hold prices down. Several attempts for lower prices failed, as evidenced by the long wicks on the south side of the small-bodied candles. The tweezer bottoms are a sign of selling exhaustion. It is important to note that the tweezer bottoms do not need to be side- by-side; they can be several candles apart, as long as the lows of the wicks are close to each other, with only a difference of a few pips.

Such a forma- tion will create a level of support. These patterns can become invaluable whenever they appear at the end of an uptrend in a smaller time frame, which many times is nothing more than the end of a retracement in a larger time frame.

It is imperative that you remember not to trade these candlesticks formations in small consolidated or sideways movement. THE EVENING STAR SELL SIGNAL Figure A shows what an evening star looks like. What is important to note is that it starts out with a bullish decision candle, followed by perhaps one, two, three, even four indecision candles before the decision bearish candle appears.

In Figure B, an evening star appears at the top of the chart, signify- ing the end of the recent rally. An evening star forms when you have a large bullish decision candle, followed by one or more indecision candles, which are followed by a bearish decision candle that closes beyond the 60 percent mark, or beyond the bottom half of the beginning bullish decision candle.

It signifies the market is U-turning. If the last bearish candle closes above the halfway point of the first bullish candle of the formation, it is a sign of continued bullish sentiment. Investor Psychology Behind the Evening Star In Figure B, the bulls start out rallying like a rocket going to the moon, driving prices higher.

Initially, it seems nothing can stop them. These initial candles reinforce the bullish sentiment. All of a sudden, a spinning top appears—a sign of indecision—in the form of a small indecision candle. It is quickly followed by a bearish decision candle and the session quickly U-turns.

The bulls lose control and investors are no longer buying. More sellers come into the market, which creates the dip in prices. Bulls run for cover and begin liquidating their bullish positions, which adds to the bearish momentum. In the end, more sellers step in and take control of the market. Bulls are corralled and bears come out of hibernation. The final bearish candle of the formation sends ripples of fear throughout the trading community and a major sell-off takes place, especially when accompanied by significant trading volume.

THE BEARISH ENGULFING PATTERN SELL SIGNAL A bearish engulfing candlestick often signifies the end of an up move, or a reversal. It can also be the turning point or end of the retracement in a downtrend, as seen in Figure B. The opening price of the bearish engulfing candle must be higher than the close of the previous bullish candle and the closing price of the bearish engulfing candle must be lower than the open of the previous bullish candle.

The prototypical bearish engulf- ing candle occurs when the open of the bearish engulfing candle opens higher than the close of the previous bullish decision candles and engulfs several previous bullish candles. This is a strong sign of a U-turn when the bears are taking control. Investor Psychology Behind the Bearish Engulfing Pattern On an emotional level, a devastating blow has been swiftly delivered to the bulls when an engulfing bearish candle appears.

Those feeling optimistic and buoyant about the upward market direction have been proverbially kicked in the teeth. Traders with long positions make a quick dash to cover their exposure, and their rush to exit their positions adds power to the creation of the bearish engulfing pattern. Within the duration of one period, the majority of traders have changed camp from a bullish perspective to a bearish orientation. TWEEZER TOP FORMATION SELL SIGNAL Tweezer tops form when bulls lose control.

Sellers step in and balance out the numbers of buyers, which forms two or more indecision candles see Figure A. In Figure B, the market has been rallying, but a clear decision has been made by the bears to take over, observed via the formation of tweezer tops. As the market was moving up, bullish candles were forming. Then all of a sudden, an indecision candle appears, which means more bears have stepped in selling.

There are now equal buyers and sellers. A tweezer top formation starts out with a bullish decision candle, followed by perhaps one, two, three, or even four indecision candles, as seen in Figure A.

A tweezer top appears when the bulls attempt to take prices higher and bears step in and sell more than the bulls, creating a long wick on the north side of a small-bodied candle. A second attempt is made by the bulls to take prices higher, with the same results, leaving another indecision candle with a long wick, on the north side of the small body of the indecision candle next to the last one. The highs of the two candles, as displayed by the wicks, are usually at the same price or within a couple of pips difference, which now creates a new level of resistance.

Anyone wanting to make a profit in this next dip needs to start selling right now! Because lower prices are likely to follow the formation of this pattern, as shown in Figure B.

Indecision candles have formed next to each other and, in this case, three in a row, as seen in Figure B. With such resistance, the market collapses. With increased bearish participation, bears enter the market charging, and the result will be a dip.

Shortly after the dip, the bulls try one last time to see if they can attract any more buying interest. It is important to note that the failed attempt of the bulls to create higher prices formed the tweezer tops, although they do not need to be side by side. Your common sense is an excellent guide as well. For example, your common sense should tell you that in a downtrend, only trade bearish candlestick formations, not bullish.

Because you are trading in the direction of the trend where the market strength is. You have a greater probability of the market moving in your direction after entry versus fighting against the trend. Obviously, you would do the oppo- site in an uptrend.

When you trade in the direction of the trend, you will always have the market movement on your side, pushing the market in the direction of the current trend. In trading any candlestick formation, you must wait until the last candle closes before you enter the market because the market may not necessarily react immediately after the candlestick formation has formed. Keep in mind that as long as you have your stop-loss orders in place, you are protected. The market will move on its own timetable—not yours.

You have no control of the future movement of the market. No one knows where the next pip will go. As long as the candles are above the outer moving uptrend line, you should enter buying bullish candlestick formations and exit selling bearish candlestick formations; the opposite applies in a downtrend.

When the candles are below the outer moving trend line, enter selling bearish candle- stick formations and exit buying bullish candlestick formations, as shown in Figure Trading is a game of probabilities and to put the probability of success in your favor, it is always helpful to compile more than one piece of evi- dence that the market will potentially U-turn and move in your direction at the price level you enter.

In other words, success is increased if you have more than one educated reason to enter the market. When you have more than one good reason to enter a trade, that is what is called creating a con- vergence.

This is, in essence, nothing more than building a case as to why the market is going to turn at that location. Why is it that all of a sudden, at one number, the market creates a candlestick formation and changes direction or U-turns? It is almost as if there was a conspiracy taking place among a group of traders.

We all know that is impossible, because there is no Forex building or pit filled with Forex traders who could manipulate prices. What may be surprising to many new traders is that psychology represents the biggest obstacle to successful trading. Another misunderstood concept remains that you cannot earn more than what the size of your portfolio can support.

The countless mismarketing campaigns promising astronomical returns from small deposits exist to lure in new traders, and in most cases, results in complete losses.

Our list of recommended Forex ebooks will teach you how generating income from Forex trading is an achievable and realistic goal. Many traders have streaks where they achieve exceptional interim trading results, only to witness a few quick losses evaporate those hard-earned pips.

Understanding risk and reward in Forex trading will allow you to assess which positions to take, how to identify profitable entry opportunities, and how to manage your stop loss orders. Even if you can only improve your trade management by a few pips per trade, it adds up to a significant performance boost.

Make sure to understand the importance of risk and reward in Forex trading, where our list of recommended Forex ebooks will assist you. Each trader needs to find an answer to that question. It allows traders to create a trading strategy around their day jobs. Full support for automated trading strategies is another essential growth contributor to the Forex market.

Before you think about opening your first trading account, you must answer that question of why you want to trade Forex. How do Forex Prices Work? The first currency is also known as the base currency, while the second is the quote currency. Since the Forex market moves fast, you will notice ongoing price changes in a floating spread account, where supply and demand dictate Forex prices. An alternative is the fixed spread account, where brokers set a specific mark-up, which remains unchanged, regardless of underlying market forces.

Analyzing the Market There are two ways to analyze the market, fundamental analysis , and technical analysis. The former focuses on economic reports, monetary policies from central banks, and attempts to locate discrepancies between the data and the price of currencies.

The latter uses technical indicators, chart patterns, and past price action to map out the next move of a currency pair. It also plays a defining role in the development of automated trading solutions.

Many traders make the potentially devastating mistake to rely on one of the two, ignoring the other, while profitable traders often harness the benefits of both. Your Trading Plans Creating a trading plan or multiple plans for various assets and scenarios will determine the outcome of your Forex trading approach.

Many traders continue to underestimate the impact of psychology once the portfolio has open positions in a live account. In most cases, emotions take control of the decision-making progress, leading to trading losses. Learn how to develop your trading plans, and most importantly, how to follow them no matter what will happen. You can adjust them once you have sufficient trade data. Psychology of Trading The psychology of trading will impact your results more than any other aspect of trading. You must learn how psychology will influence the trading process and how to master it so that you can improve the outcome of each trade.

New traders should make this their first and most extensive lesson. After that, you can start to focus on other aspects of successful Forex trading. Without fully understanding the psychology of trading, any strategy will result in long-term trading losses. Forex Strategies Once you have learned the basics of Forex trading, it will be time to identify the best Forex trading strategies for you.

None suits all traders, so you must first determine what type of trader you want to be. From there, you can research existing strategies, modify them, or create one of your own. One of the most important aspects is to test it in a live trading account to get real trading results. Micro accounts are ideal for this purpose. Should you decide on acquiring an existing EA, make sure to test it in a demo account, as it could have bugs that cause trading errors missed by the development team.

You will need a larger capital size in your portfolio, so as you grow your account with basic Forex trading strategies, you will also build your knowledge base. Once the conditions are in place, you can expand by implementing advanced Forex trading strategies, which will increase your overall profitability over time.

Never rush the process, as you cannot acquire knowledge with money but by trading in a live trading account over an extended period. Trading Cryptocurrencies With the emergence of the cryptocurrency market, Forex traders have one more asset class to expand their trading profile. There are also a lot more assets, with over 7, and growing. Regrettably, frauds and scams are present. Trading cryptocurrencies can unlock a sustainable income stream, but you must follow trading strategies and not the social media crowd.

The basics of trading cryptocurrencies, Forex, and any other asset class are similar, so you must understand the differences to make the appropriate adjustments.

Day Trading Forex Day trading Forex generally means that you will open and close your trades during the day, never keeping overnight positions. It is a popular trading strategy, and you will avoid swap rates on overnight positions together with unexpected events that can results in losses while you sleep. There are specific strategies designed for day trading Forex since you will focus on shorter time frames, fewer pips per trade, and higher trading volumes.

ECN accounts with raw spreads and competitive commissions cater to day trading in Forex. Take your time with education, as it will form the foundation of your Forex trading path. Understand the psychology of trading before you proceed with opening a live trading account, make a small deposit you can afford to lose, and continue with education until you manage consistent profitability.

After that, you can graduate to a more significant deposit and slowly expand. FAQs Is trading Forex worth it? While extremely challenging, demanding, and time-consuming until you learn how to trade successfully, every trader who mastered the process will agree that the long-term benefits are worth it.

Is Forex a pyramid scheme? No, it is far from it. Some scammers prey on new traders with false promises and investment schemes using a pyramid, but it does not reflect the nature of the Forex market.

Is Forex trading easier than stocks? The capital requirements to trade Forex are significantly less than stocks, and the leverage is higher, but the ease or difficulty of trade remains similar and dependent on the trader. Yes, you can teach yourself how to be a profitable Forex trader, if you have the aptitude for it and can spend time on your own reading, back testing, and watching charts without getting bored.

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Continue Reading Download Free PDF. You will not find long third upgraded edition. We received a lot of great watery essay type paragraphs here, just feedback about the first and second e-book actionable and easy-to-digest information. thank you! For this new edition we have rewritten This e-book will help you learn Forex trading everything from the ground up. We are pretty skills in the fastest time possible!

We made this ebook as the you have. Our program has shown interesting ultimate learning resource for ourselves and results: people with no previous financial hope you enjoy it too! market experience often delivered better performance than those with the experience!

If someone teaches you something and it this fact is confirmed as well. sounds really complex, they probably haven't taken the time to think through how to boil it down.

Be careful with folks like that. There's a difference between being good at something and being good at teaching it. The currency pair price changes will generate your profits. It is better to invest in the currency of a country that is growing faster and fund it with a currency of a country that is growing slower.

When does it work The market is open 24 hours, 5. Read on to uncover deeper secrets about forex timing. Spread point The difference between the sell quote and the buy quote in pips. The smaller the spread, the more liquid the currency! Section 01 Introduction and key concepts 5 advantages of forex Make money even in times of crisis While the stock market and commercial bank deposits are in deep depression during the crisis, Forex profits, because any change in currency can be used to make profit.

A falling market is as profitable for Forex trading as a developing one because unlike in stock trading you can short the falling assets. Work while lying in a hammock All you need to start making money is a computer or a smart phone and an Internet connection. Your work space and goals are up to you! Easy rules Unlike the stock market with tens of thousands of different shares, Forex works with 8 basic currencies, which are the center of most trades. Moreover, there are significantly less factors that influence currency exchange rates than in the stock market.

Section 01 Introduction and key concepts 3 main disadvantages of forex Most of other forex learning materials will tell you that forex offers an easy way to make money. High risk to lose the whole position In stock trading, unlike forex, it is very unlikely that you will lose all the money when investing in the stock market.

But the truth is, you struggle with finding enought time to do it all. Emmanuel Follow Follow their activities. This is also a good way to learn Forex strategies in a real-life trading environment. I believe the investors. This was a great opportunity to make money shorting betting that it would decline the euro. This is useful because the larger trade. Leverage is shown as a ratio, for movement in currency rates can be very small, example profits and losses alike.

Leverage allows you to trade with more money Stock market Forex market Maximum leverage from to Varying lot sizes Term Lot In Forex, all transactions can be conducted via standard, mini, and micro lots. Each lot size accounts for a different measure of units of the base currency, which in turn presents a different pip value. Below is a simple chart to illustrate the differences in lot sizes, measured in units, volume for the major pairs where the base currency is USD.

Those traders who are looking to get started in the forex market should consider opening a mini account because of the smaller contract sizes.

Term Spread The difference between the bid price and the ask price is called a spread. Although these movements may seem insignificant, even the smallest point change can result in thousands of dollars being made or lost due to leverage.

Again, this is one of the reasons that speculators are so attracted to the forex market; even the tiniest price movement can result in huge profit. While the high degree of leverage used in forex trading magnifies returns and risks, a few safety precautions used by professional traders may help mitigate these risks. Do you need more than strategy and only those with high risk , US dollars to open the trade?

With tolerance should consider using big leverage. If you are a relatively cautious Leverage investor or trader, use a lower level of leverage with perhaps or leverage. Maximum leverage limits vary in different This is the amount that will be used to cover your potential losses. In other words, the countries, varying from to margin is the actual amount that you are Use Stop Loss orders!

Stops can be used not risking to lose if the trade goes against you. just to ensure that losses are capped, but also to protect profits. Section 01 Introduction and key concepts Example: leverage in use Going short on euro Europe has been hit by a crisis, so you expect the euro to fall against the US dollar. nov 1. dec Case B: Leverage Case B: Leverage 1. You open a position of 1 lot, which 1. You were right. Euro depreciates against 2. Euro depreciates against the dollar to 1. close your trade and take your profits.

Result: The euro fell by pips 1. Your profit is x 1 - 1. Section 01 Introduction and key concepts How much should I invest? Traders should look to use an effective leverage of to1 or less. Research shows that the amount of capital in your trading account can affect your profitability. With smaller investment you will not get enough profits as the average changes in the currency rates are small. If you haven't heard of these terms already, you undoubtedly will as you begin to invest.

The terms bull market and bear market describe upward and downward market trends, respectively, and can be used to describe either the market as a whole or specific sectors and securities. These images will help you memorize which is which. Doji - when the opening and closing price are equal. Long-Legged Doji - after small candlesticks, they indicate a potential trend change. Normally only seen on thinly traded pairs.

Your Capital may be at risk. That is, on the most fundamental level, a currency rallies because there is a demand for that currency. Regardless of whether the demand is for hedging, speculative, or conversion purposes, true movements are based on the need for the currency. Currency values decrease when there is excess supply. Supply and demand should be the real determinants for predicting future movements.

However, how to predict supply and demand is not as simple as many would think. Two of the primary factors affecting supply and demand of currencies are interest rates and the overall strength of the economy. There are many factors that contribute to the net supply and demand for a currency and the strength of the economy.

Read on to uncover the main drivers that influence the exchange rates. The number of economic announcements made each day from around the world can be intimidating, so we will focus just on the most important ones. How are they divided The drivers are divided into three major groups: Geo-political, Economic and Market Psychology.

Here they are: Kathy Lien Chief Currency Strategist at Forex Capital Markets LLC. Former Currency trader at JPMorgan Chase. TOP 9 Unemployment NFP or Non Farm 1 Payroll 6 Retail sales Will US employment continue to grow? For example, if the U. trade the U. more dollars flow out of the U.

Conversely, when going short or selling first to enter the market, every sell entry order needs two buy exit orders, one for profit and one for loss. This labor-intensive step, as well as the fact that many Japanese traders could not properly communicate or share their trading methods due to language barriers, meant that the use of Japanese candlestick formations could not become widespread until recent times. The currency pair price changes will generate your profits. The star indicates a possible reversal, and the bearish line confirms it. At the time, it received significant criticism because keeping the peg meant that the Chinese government would artificially weaken its currency to make Chinese goods more competitive. There are Two Sides to Every Trade Just remember that no trader's knowledge can be complete all the time.

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